While I accept full blame for errors or lapses in presentation or interpretation of this material, I gratefully acknowledge the help of the people who assisted with the creation of this material, both directly and indirectly.

My sparring partner Matt Marino has been instrumental in working out the physical interpretations described here. I am grateful to my colleagues at the Higgins Armory Sword Guild, and in particular Jeffrey Forgeng and Mark Millman for their suggestions on manuscripts to explore, and for their critique of our interpretations.

The pioneering work by Stephen Hand and Paul Wagner in this field has been invaluable and is summarized in their article: Hand and Wagner, "Talhoffer's Sword and Duelling Shield as a Model for Reconstructing Early Medieval Sword and Shield Technique", Spada. The Chivalry Bookshelf, 2002.

Lastly, thanks to Mark Rector for his Talhoffer translation: Talhoffer, Medieval Combat, tr. and ed. by Mark Rector. Greenhill Books, 2000.